Uso de la radiación UV-C y análisis de imágenes en el control de hongo en plantas de tomate

M. A. Valencia, L. F. Patiño, J. A. Herrera-Ramírez, D. Castañeda, J. A. Gómez, J. C. Quijano

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Información básica

Volumen

V50 - N4 / 2017 Ordinario

Referencia

369-378

DOI

http://doi.org/10.7149/OPA.50.4.49073

Idioma

English

Etiquetas

Mildeo polvoso; Análisis de imágenes; Control físico de enfermedades.

Resumen

Los hongos patógenos de las plantas son la mayor amenaza para la agricultura en el mundo; Para contrarrestar su efecto se utilizan fungicidas químicos sintéticos, que causan efectos adversos sobre la salud humana y el medio ambiente. Los métodos físicos para controlar patógenos están surgiendo como una alternativa para manejar las enfermedades de los cultivos; sin embargo, han sido poco explorados. El tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) es el vegetal más frecuentemente cultivado en el mundo y crece en una amplia gama de climas, tanto en campo como en invernadero. Uno de los factores más limitantes para la producción de tomate es la enfermedad foliar conocida como mildeo polvoso. El rendimiento y la calidad del fruto pueden reducirse debido a que la enfermedad puede desarrollarse rápidamente y los folíolos gravemente afectados mueren. En este trabajo, se evaluó el efecto de UV-C (254 nm) sobre el desarrollo del mildeo polvoso en condiciones de invernadero. Los folíolos se sometieron a diferentes tiempos de exposición de UV-C y con la adquisición de imágenes RGB y el análisis de imágenes se determinó la tasa de crecimiento de la lesión. Los tiempos de exposición que no causaron lesiones visibles en folíolos sanos, se utilizaron para medir el efecto sobre folíolos con la enfermedad. Después de la infección natural, se determinó el área de la lesión, el número total de lesiones y la tasa de crecimiento con respecto al área inicial de la lesión. Comparando con foliolos no tratados, aplicaciones de 30 s o 60 s de UV-C cada 48 h por 10 días, redujo significativamente la severidad del mildeo polvoso en los folíolos de tomate. También comparamos la determinación tradicional de la tasa de crecimiento utilizando un calibrador con un programa personalizado basado en la adquisición y análisis de imágenes, indica que el último es un sistema más completo para seguir con precisión la evolución de la enfermedad. Este trabajo es un enfoque importante para aplicar la luz a los problemas agrícolas de manera no invasiva en condiciones de precosecha de plantas, lo cual ha sido pobremente explorado, y demuestra la aplicación del análisis de imágenes en el estudio de variables agrícolas importantes.

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