Distribución cuántica de claves via translación de frecuencia en ﬁbras ópticas no lineales

J. Bonetti, S.M. Hernandez, D.F. Grosz

Descargar artículo

Información básica

Volumen

V56 - N2 / 2023 Especial: Óptica y Fotónica en Argentina

Referencia

51118

DOI

http://dx.doi.org/10.7149/OPA.56.2.51118

Idioma

English

Etiquetas

Distribución cuántica de claves, translación cuántica de frecuencias, BB84

Resumen

Proponemos una aplicación simple y original del proceso de translación cuántica de frecuencias en una ﬁbra no lineal a un protocolo BB84 de distribución cuántica de claves. A diferencia de la mayoría de las implementaciones de la distribución cuántica de claves, que utilizan la fase o la polarización de los fotones, codiﬁcar la información cuántica en el estado de frecuencia del fotón es inherentemente más estable frente a ﬂuctuaciones ya sea mecánicas o térmicas sobre medios de transmisión como las ﬁbras ópticas. También mostramos que el esquema propuesto puede escalar naturalmente a alfabetos más grandes, en particular demostramos la extensión a un alfabeto de 4 símbolos, proporcionando mayor seguridad a aplicaciones de distribución cuántica de claves.

Referencias

N. Gisin, G. Ribordy, W. Tittel, and H. Zbinden, “Quantum cryptography,” Reviews of modern physics 74(1), 145 (2002).

C. H. Bennett and G. Brassard, “Quantum cryptography: Public key distribution and coin tossing.” Theor. Comput. Sci. 560(P1), 7–11 (2014).

M. Fox, Quantum optics: an introduction, vol. 15 (OUP Oxford, 2006).

B. Korzh, C. C. W. Lim, R. Houlmann, N. Gisin, M. J. Li, D. Nolan, B. Sanguinetti, R. Thew, and H. Zbinden, “Provably secure and practical quantum key distribution over 307 km of optical fibre,” Nature Photonics 9(3), 163–168 (2015).

P. A. Hiskett, D. Rosenberg, C. G. Peterson, R. J. Hughes, S. Nam, A. Lita, A. Miller, and J. Nordholt, “Long-distance quantum key distribution in optical fibre,” New Journal of Physics 8(9), 193 (2006). Opt. Pura Apl. 56 (2) 51118 (2023) © Sociedad Española de Óptica ÓPTICA PURA Y APLICADA

N. Namekata, S. Mori, and S. Inoue, “Quantum key distribution over an installed multimode optical fiber local,” Optics express 13(25), 9961–9969 (2005).

I. Marcikic, H. De Riedmatten, W. Tittel, H. Zbinden, M. Legré, and N. Gisin, “Distribution of time-bin entangled qubits over 50 km of optical fiber,” Physical Review Letters 93(18), 180,502 (2004).

A. Boaron, B. Korzh, R. Houlmann, G. Boso, D. Rusca, S. Gray, M.-J. Li, D. Nolan, A. Martin, and H. Zbinden, “Simple 2.5 GHz time-bin quantum key distribution,” Applied Physics Letters 112(17), 171,108 (2018).

I. Vagniluca, B. Da Lio, D. Rusca, D. Cozzolino, Y. Ding, H. Zbinden, A. Zavatta, L. K. Oxenløwe, and D. Bacco, “Efficient time-bin encoding for practical high-dimensional quantum key distribution,” Physical Review Applied 14(1), 014,051 (2020).

N. T. Islam, C. Cahall, A. Aragoneses, A. Lezama, J. Kim, and D. J. Gauthier, “Robust and stable delay interferometers with application to d-dimensional time-frequency quantum key distribution,” Physical Review Applied 7(4), 044,010 (2017).

J. Nunn, L. Wright, C. Söller, L. Zhang, I. Walmsley, and B. Smith, “Large-alphabet time-frequency entangled quantum key distribution by means of time-to-frequency conversion,” Optics express 21(13), 15,959–15,973 (2013).

N. Gisin, “Statistics of polarization dependent losses,” Optics communications 114(5-6), 399–405 (1995).

D. Bouwmeester, A. Ekert, A. Zeilinger, et al., The physics of quantum information, vol. 3 (Springer, Berlin, 2000).

M. Bloch, S. W. McLaughlin, J.-M. Merolla, and F. Patois, “Frequency-coded quantum key distribution,” Optics letters 32(3), 301–303 (2007).

I. M. Gabdulhakov and O. G. Morozov, “Frequency coded quantum key distribution channel based on photon amplitude-phase modulation,” in Systems of Signal Synchronization, Generating and Processing in Telecommunications (SINKHROINFO), 2017, pp. 1–5 (IEEE, 2017).

K. Rohit and T. Srinivas, “High Dimensional Quantum Key Distribution: BB84 Protocol using qudits,” in International Conference on Fibre Optics and Photonics, pp. Th3A–77 (Optical Society of America, 2016).

H. Bechmann-Pasquinucci and W. Tittel, “Quantum cryptography using larger alphabets,” Physical Review A 61(6), 062,308 (2000).

P. Kumar, “Quantum frequency conversion,” Optics letters 15(24), 1476–1478 (1990).

C. McKinstrie, J. Harvey, S. Radic, and M. Raymer, “Translation of quantum states by four-wave mixing in fibers,” Optics Express 13(22), 9131–9142 (2005).

H. McGuinness, M. Raymer, C. McKinstrie, and S. Radic, “Quantum frequency translation of single-photon states in a photonic crystal fiber,” Physical review letters 105(9), 093,604 (2010).

G. P. Agrawal, Nonlinear fiber optics (Academic press, 2007).

A. S. Clark, S. Shahnia, M. J. Collins, C. Xiong, and B. J. Eggleton, “High-efficiency frequency conversion in the single-photon regime,” Optics letters 38(6), 947–949 (2013).

J. B. Christensen, J. G. Koefoed, B. A. Bell, C. J. McKinstrie, and K. Rottwitt, “Shape-preserving and unidi-rectional frequency conversion by four-wave mixing,” Opt. Express 26(13), 17,145–17,157 (2018).

H. McGuinness, M. Raymer, and C. McKinstrie, “Theory of quantum frequency translation of light in optical fiber: application to interference of two photons of different color,” Optics express 19(19), 17,876–17,907 (2011).

F. Honz, N. Vokić, P. Walther, H. Hübel, and B. Schrenk, “Polarization-Encoded BB84 QKD Transmitter Sourced by a SiGe Light Emitter,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, p. M1l.5 (Optical Society of America, 2023).

D. Ribezzo, M. Zahidy, A. Petitjean, G. Lemmi, C. D. Lazzari, I. Vagniluca, E. Conca, A. Tosi, T. Occhipinti, F. S. Cataliotti, L. K. Oxenløwe, A. Xuereb, D. Bacco, and A. Zavatta, “QKD protocol over 100 km long submarine optical fiber assisted by a system-in-package fast-gated InGaAs single photon detector,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, p. M2l.4 (Optical Society of America, 2023).

U. Sinha, S. Sahoo, A. Singh, K. Joarder, R. Chatterjee, and S. Chakraborti, “Single-photon sources,” Optics and Photonics News 30(9), 32–39 (2019).

S. Thomas and P. Senellart, “The race for the ideal single-photon source is on,” Nature Nanotechnology 16(4), Opt. Pura Apl. 56 (2) 51118 (2023) © Sociedad Española de Óptica ÓPTICA PURA Y APLICADA 367–368 (2021).

R. Uppu, F. Pedersen, Y. Wang, C. Olesen, C. Papon, X. Zhou, L. Midolo, S. Scholz, A. Wieck, A. Ludwig, et al., “Scalable integrated single-photon source,” Science Advances 6(50), eabc8268 (2020).

I. Aharonovich, D. Englund, and M. Toth, “Solid-state single-photon emitters,” Nature Photonics 10(10), 631–641 (2016).

N. Somaschi, V. Giesz, L. De Santis, J. Loredo, M. P. Almeida, G. Hornecker, S. L. Portalupi, T. Grange, C. Anton, J. Demory, et al., “Near-optimal single-photon sources in the solid state,” Nature Photonics 10(5), 340–345 (2016).

W. Barnes, G. Björk, J. Gérard, P. Jonsson, J. Wasey, P. Worthing, and V. Zwiller, “Solid-state single photon sources: light collection strategies,” The European Physical Journal D-Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics 18(2), 197–210 (2002).

J. C. Loredo, N. A. Zakaria, N. Somaschi, C. Anton, L. De Santis, V. Giesz, T. Grange, M. A. Broome, O. Gazzano, G. Coppola, et al., “Scalable performance in solid-state single-photon sources,” Optica 3(4), 433–440 (2016).

A. Khalid, K. Chung, R. Rajasekharan, D. W. Lau, T. J. Karle, B. C. Gibson, and S. Tomljenovic-Hanic, “Lifetime reduction and enhanced emission of single photon color centers in nanodiamond via surrounding refractive index modification,” Scientific reports 5(1), 1–12 (2015).

I. A. Khramtsov, M. Agio, and D. Y. Fedyanin, “Dynamics of single-photon emission from electrically pumped color centers,” Physical Review Applied 8(2), 024,031 (2017).

B. J. Hausmann, T. M. Babinec, J. T. Choy, J. S. Hodges, S. Hong, I. Bulu, A. Yacoby, M. D. Lukin, and M. Lonˇ car, “Single-color centers implanted in diamond nanostructures,” New Journal of Physics 13(4), 045,004 (2011).

D. Le Sage, L. M. Pham, N. Bar-Gill, C. Belthangady, M. D. Lukin, A. Yacoby, and R. L. Walsworth, “Ef-ficient photon detection from color centers in a diamond optical waveguide,” Physical Review B 85(12), 121,202 (2012).

P. Michler, Quantum dots for quantum information technologies, vol. 237 (Springer, 2017).

S. Hepp, M. Jetter, S. L. Portalupi, and P. Michler, “Semiconductor quantum dots for integrated quantum photonics,” Advanced Quantum Technologies 2(9), 1900,020 (2019).

R. S. Daveau, K. C. Balram, T. Pregnolato, J. Liu, E. H. Lee, J. D. Song, V. Verma, R. Mirin, S. W. Nam, L. Midolo, et al., “Efficient fiber-coupled single-photon source based on quantum dots in a photonic-crystal waveguide,” Optica 4(2), 178–184 (2017).

P. Lodahl, S. Mahmoodian, and S. Stobbe, “Interfacing single photons and single quantum dots with photonic nanostructures,” Reviews of Modern Physics 87(2), 347 (2015).

C. Spinnler, M. C. Löbl, L. Zhai, G. N. Nguyen, A. Javadi, J. Ritzmann, L. Midolo, P. Lodahl, A. D. Wieck, A. Ludwig, et al., “Single-Photon Radiative Auger Emission from a Quantum Dot,” in CLEO: QELS Fundamental Science, pp. FW2Q–7 (Optical Society of America, 2021).

J. Bonetti, N. Linale, and D. Grosz, “Heralded single-photon sources based on 2D-decorated nanowires,” Physics Letters A 432, 128,018 (2022).

H. Mulvad, S. Abokhamis Mousavi, V. Zuba, L. Xu, H. Sakr, T. Bradley, J. Hayes, G. Jasion, E. Numkam Fok-oua, A. Taranta, et al., “Kilowatt-average-power single-mode laser light transmission over kilometre-scale hollow-core fibre,” Nature Photonics 16(6), 448–453 (2022).