Theory and FTDT simulations of an amorphous silicon planar waveguide structure suitable to be used as a surface plasmon resonance biosensor

Alessandro Fantoni, João Costa, Miguel Fernandes, Yury Vygranenko, Manuela Vieira

Download Paper

Base Information

Volume

V53 - N2 / 2020 Ordinario

Reference

51032: 1-8

DOI

http://dx.doi.org/10.7149/OPA.53.2.51032

Language

English

Keywords

Amorphous silicon, SPP, waveguide, plasmonic sensor

Abstract

In this paper we present our work concerning the design of a semiconductor waveguide structure to be used as a biosensor based on Surface Plasmonic Resonance effects (SPR). The proposed structure is a planar metal-dielectric waveguide where the sensor operation is based on the coupling between the fundamental propagation TM mode and the surface plasmon excited at the outer boundary of the metal, which interfaces the sample medium. Gold and aluminium are the metals considered for the plasmonic coating, amorphous silicon and a reduced graphene oxide layer are considered for the waveguide structure. FDTD simulations of the proposed structure show a clear attenuation peak in the output power at the wavelength where the plasmonic resonance is excited.

References

O. Tokel, F. Inci, and U. Demirci, "Advances in plasmonic technologies for point of careapplications," Chemical Reviews, vol. 114, no. 11. pp. 5728-5752, 2014.

P. Yager, G. J. Domingo, and J. Gerdes, "Point-of-Care Diagnostics for Global Health," Annu. Rev.Biomed. Eng., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 107-144, 2008.

B. A. Prabowo, A. Purwidyantri, and K. C. Liu, "Surface Plasmon Resonance Optical Sensor: A Review on Light Source Technology," Biosensors, vol. 8, no. 3. 2018.

B. Packová, N. S. Lynn Jr, J. Slabý, H. Sípová and J. Homola. "A route to superior performance of ananoplasmonic biosensor: consideration of both photonic and mass transport aspects." AcsPhotonics, 5(3), 1019-1025, 2018.

X. D. Hoa, A. G. Kirk, and M. Tabrizian, "Towards integrated and sensitive surface plasmon resonance biosensors: A review of recent progress," Biosensors and Bioelectronics, vol. 23, no. 2.pp. 151-160, 2007.

F. C. Chien and S. J. Chen, "A sensitivity comparison of optical biosensors based on four differentsurface plasmon resonance modes," in Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2004, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 633-642.

J. Dostálek et al., "Surface plasmon resonance biosensor based on integrated optical waveguide," in Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical, 2001, vol. 76, no. 1-3, pp. 8-12.

S. Nayak, N. R. Blumenfeld, T. Laksanasopin, and S. K. Sia, "Point-of-Care Diagnostics: RecentDevelopments in a Connected Age," Analytical Chemistry, vol. 89, no. 1. pp. 102-123, 2017.

H. Shafiee et al., "Paper and flexible substrates as materials for biosensing platforms to detectmultiple biotargets," Sci. Rep., vol. 5, 2015.

E. Wijaya et al., "Surface plasmon resonance-based biosensors: From the development of differentSPR structures to novel surface functionalization strategies," Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science, vol. 15, no. 5. pp. 208-224, 2011.

T. Aihara et al., "Monolithic integration of surface plasmon detector and metal-oxide- semiconductor field-effect transistors," IEEE Photonics J., vol. 5, no. 4, 2013.

H. Hu, X. Zeng, D. Ji, L. Zhu, and Q. Gan, "Efficient end-fire coupling of surface plasmons on flat metal surfaces for improved plasmonic Mach-Zehnder interferometer," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 113, no. 5, 2013.

J. Dostálek, H. Vaisocherová, and J. Homola, "Multichannel surface plasmon resonance biosensor with wavelength division multiplexing," in Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical, 2005, vol. 108, no. 1-2 SPEC. ISS., pp. 758-764.

R. Takei, "Amorphous Silicon Photonics," in Crystalline and Non-crystalline Solids, 2016.

G. Cocorullo, F. G. Della Corte, R. De Rosa, I. Rendina, A. Rubino, and E. Terzini, "Amorphous silicon-based guided-wave passive and active devices for silicon integrated optoelectronics," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 997-1001, 1998.

A. Harke, M. Krause, and J. Mueller, "Low-loss singlemode amorphous silicon waveguides," Electron. Lett., vol. 41, no. 25, pp. 25-26, 2005.

R. Sun et al., "Transparent amorphous silicon channel waveguides with silicon nitride intercladding layer," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 94, no. 14, 2009.

F. G. Della Corte and S. Rao, "Use of amorphous silicon for active photonic devices," IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. 60, no. 5, pp. 1495-1505, 2013.

A. Khanna et al., "Amorphous silicon optical waveguides and Bragg mirrors," in Silicon Photonics and Photonic Integrated Circuits, 2008, vol. 6996, p. 699605.

S. Kageyama, M. Akagawa, and H. Fujiwara, "Dielectric function of a-Si:H based on local network structures," Phys. Rev. B - Condens. Matter Mater. Phys., vol. 83, no. 19, 2011.

A. Fantoni, P. Lourenco, and M. Vieira, "A model for the refractive index of amorphous silicon for FDTD simulation of photonics waveguides," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices, NUSOD, 2017, pp. 167-168.

Sharma, P., Tuteja, S. K., Bhalla, V., Shekhawat, G., Dravid, V. P., & Suri, C. R. "Bio-functionalized graphene-graphene oxide nanocomposite based electrochemical immunosensing", Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 39(1), 99-105, 2013

F. Xu et al., "Complex refractive index tunability of graphene at 1550 nm wavelength," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 106, no. 3, 2015.

Z. Lu and W. Zhao, "Nanoscale electro-optic modulators based on graphene-slot waveguides," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, vol. 29, no. 6, p. 1490, 2012.

Fantoni, A., Costa, J., Fernandes, M., Vygranenko, Y., & Vieira, M. "A simulation analysis for dimensioning of an amorphous silicon planar waveguide structure suitable to be used as a surface plasmon resonance biosensor", Fourth International Conference on Applications of Optics and Photonics (Vol. 11207, p. 112070A). International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2019.

K. M. McPeak et al., "Plasmonic films can easily be better: Rules and recipes," ACS Photonics, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 326-333, 2015.

H. S. Skulason, P. E. Gaskell, and T. Szkopek, "Optical reflection and transmission properties of exfoliated graphite from a graphene monolayer to several hundred graphene layers," Nanotechnology, vol. 21, no. 29, 2010.

A. B. Djuriši and E. H. Li, "Optical properties of graphite," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 7404, no. 10, pp. 7404-7410, 1999.

J. Q. Xi et al., "Optical thin-film materials with low refractive index for broadband elimination of Fresnel reflection," Nat. Photonics, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 176-179, 2007.

P. Songkeaw, K. Onlaor, T. Thiwawong, and B. Tunhoo," Reduced graphene oxide thin film prepared by electrostatic spray deposition technique", Materials Chemistry and Physics, 226, 302-308, 2019.